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1.
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases ; (12): 12-17, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-935734

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the effect of asiaticoside for fibrosis in lung tissues of rats exposed to silica and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods: 144 SD male rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive drug control group, asiaticoside high-dose group, medium-dose group and low-dose group, each group included 24 rats. Rats in the control group were perfused with 1.0 ml of normal saline, and the other groups were given 1.0 ml 50 mg/ml SiO(2) suspension. Gavage of herbal was given from the next day after model establishment, once a day. Rats in the positive drug control group were administration with 30 mg/kg tetrandrine and rats in the low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group were given 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg asiaticoside for fibrosis respectively. Rats in the control group and the model group were given 0.9% normal saline. The rats were sacrificed in on the 14th, 28th and 56th day after intragastric administration and collect the lung tissues to detect the content of hydroxyproline, TGF-β(1) and IL-18, observe the pathological changes of the lung tissues by HE and Masson staining and determine the expressions of Col-I, a-SMA, TGF-β in lung tissues by Western Blot. Results: On the 14th day, 28th day and 56th day after model establishment, the lung tissues of rats in the model group showed obvious inflammatory response and accumulation of collagen fibers, and the degree of inflammation and fibrosis increased with time. The intervention of asiaticoside could effectively inhibit the pathological changes of lung tissues. The contents of hydroxyproline, IL-18 and TGF-β1 in lung tissues of model group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) , while the level of hydroxyproline, IL-18 and TGF-β1 in asiaticoside groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically signicant (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Col-I, TGF-β1and α-SMA in lung tissue of model group were increased (P<0.05) , while the expression level of Col-I, TGF-β1 and α-SMA were decreased after the intervention of asiaticoside, and the difference was statistically signicant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Asiaticoside can inhibit the increase of Col-I, TGF-β1 and α-SMA content in the SiO(2)-induced lung tissues of rats, reduce the release of TGF-β1 and IL-18 inflammatory factors in lung tissue, and then inhibit the synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix in rat lung tissue, and improve silicosis fibrosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Dust , Lung , Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Silicosis/metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
3.
Rev. bras. med. trab ; 16(3): 378-386, out.2018.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-966086

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A relação entre a sílica e o tabaco como potencializadores na geração de fibrose pulmonar não foi ainda bem estabelecida, embora tenham sido postulados alguns mecanismos fisiopatológicos para embasá-la. É necessário reconhecer o papel das diversas células envolvidas na resposta inflamatória, assim como as diversas vias biológicas que participam na gênese. Esses fatores nos motivaram a desenvolver a presente revisão descritiva. Resultados: Cada vez mais evidências sugerem que a inflamação local produzida por exposição à sílica e à fumaça do tabaco pode ser modulada por fatores genéticos, mecanismos epigenéticos, reações autoimunes e hipóxia local, levando à transição epitélio-mesênquima e ao acúmulo de material necrótico no pulmão, o que contribui à perpetuação da inflamação e a uma resposta imunológica inata exagerada nos trabalhadores com silicose fumantes. Conclusão: Comparações diretas de diferentes estudos de mensuração de biomarcadores inflamatórios associados à silicose e ao tabagismo devem ser realizadas com cautela, devido a uma série de possíveis fatores de confusão, como compartimentalização ou interação com as diversas vias biológicas e tipos celulares envolvidos. Convém destacar que para se evitar a ocorrência de dano pulmonar nos trabalhadores expostos à sílica, devem-se melhorar os sistemas de ventilação e reduzir sua exposição. No contexto da cessação do tabagismo, é necessário o uso de componentes psicoterapêuticos, com o fim de evitar o dano pulmonar precocemente


Background: The relationship between silica dust and tobacco smoking as enhancers of pulmonary fibrosis development has not yet been well established. Some pathophysiological mechanisms which might support this relationship were postulated. The role of different cells involved in the inflammatory response, and of different biological pathways needs to be recognized. These facts encouraged us to perform the present descriptive review. Results: Growing evidence suggests that local inflammation induced by exposure to silica dust and tobacco smoking might be modulated by genetic factors, epigenetic mechanisms, autoimmune reactions and local hypoxia, giving rise to the epithelial­mesenchymal transition. These phenomena lead to accumulation of necrotic material in the lungs, which contributes to inflammation's perpetuation and to an exaggerated innate immunological response among workers with silicosis who smoke. Conclusion: Direct comparisons of different measurement studies of inflammatory biomarkers associated with silicosis and tobacco smoking should be performed cautiously due to several possible confounding factors, such as compartmentalization or interaction among the various biological pathways and cell types involved. Ventilation systems should be improved and exposure reduced to prevent lung damage in workers exposed to silica. In regard to smoking cessation, psychotherapy approaches are needed for early prevention of lung damage


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Fibrosis/prevention & control , Silicosis , Tobacco Use Disorder , Biomarkers , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects
4.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine ; : e173-2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-149088

ABSTRACT

Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are widely used in many scientific and industrial fields despite the lack of proper evaluation of their potential toxicity. This study examined the effects of acute exposure to SNPs, either alone or in conjunction with ovalbumin (OVA), by studying the respiratory systems in exposed mouse models. Three types of SNPs were used: spherical SNPs (S-SNPs), mesoporous SNPs (M-SNPs), and PEGylated SNPs (P-SNPs). In the acute SNP exposure model performed, 6-week-old BALB/c female mice were intranasally inoculated with SNPs for 3 consecutive days. In the OVA/SNPs asthma model, the mice were sensitized two times via the peritoneal route with OVA. Additionally, the mice endured OVA with or without SNP challenges intranasally. Acute SNP exposure induced significant airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness, particularly in the S-SNP group. In OVA/SNPs asthma models, OVA with SNP-treated group showed significant airway inflammation, more than those treated with only OVA and without SNPs. In these models, the P-SNP group induced lower levels of inflammation on airways than both the S-SNP or M-SNP groups. Interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-1beta and interferon-gamma levels correlated with airway inflammation in the tested models, without statistical significance. In the mouse models studied, increased airway inflammation was associated with acute SNPs exposure, whether exposed solely to SNPs or SNPs in conjunction with OVA. P-SNPs appear to be relatively safer for clinical use than S-SNPs and M-SNPs, as determined by lower observed toxicity and airway system inflammation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Asthma/chemically induced , Inflammation/chemically induced , Interferon-gamma/analysis , Interleukins/analysis , Lung/drug effects , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Nanoparticles/adverse effects , Ovalbumin/adverse effects , Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Surface Properties
5.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 24(1)jan.-mar. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-720010

ABSTRACT

Introdução: atualmente, entre as doenças ocupacionais incapacitantes, 60% são atribuídas ao sistema respiratório, sendo 85% dos casos relacionados à silicose. Objetivo: este estudo avalia os efeitos respiratórios da inalação ocupacional de sílica em trabalhadores de marmorarias. Métodos: foram incluídos 21 trabalhadores de marmorarias da cidadede Gurupi-TO, no período de março a maio de 2012. Foram submetidos ao questionário de sintomas respiratórios e hábito tabágico. Todos realizaram espirometria. Para comparação intergrupo dos fumantes, ex-fumantes e não fumantes foi usado o teste paramétrico ANOVA e para outras análises o teste não paramétrico Fisher e adotado o nível de significância de 5% de probabilidade. Resultados: a média da idade dos trabalhadores foi de27 ± 6 anos. A prevalência de indivíduos sintomáticos correspondeu a 57%. Ao comparar os grupos quanto à presença ou não de sintomas, relação ao tempo de exposição à sílica (> ou < 5 anos), hábito tabágico, IMC e às variáveis espirométricas obtidas, verificou-se ausência de significância estatística. Conclusões: não foi possível identificar associação entre os sintomas detectados e a exposição à sílica, o que não exclui sua provável interação e reforça a necessidade de mais estudos específicos, tais como espirometria seriada associada à análise de volumes pulmonares e testes de aptidão cardiorrespiratória comergoespirometria para avaliação mais ampla e direcionada nesses indivíduos.


Introduction: Among the currently disabling occupational diseases 60% are attributed to the respiratory system, with 85% of cases related to silicosis. Objective: This study assesses the respiratory effects of occupational silica inhalation among marble industry workers. Methods: 21 workers employed in the marble industry in the town if Gurupi-TO between March and May 2012 answered a questionnaire about their respiratorysymptoms and smoking habits. All underwent spirometry. For intergroup comparison of smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers the parametric ANOVA test was used and for other analyzes the nonparametric Fisher test, with a significance level of 5% probability. Results: The average age of workers was 27±6 years. The prevalence of symptomatic patients was 57%. Comparing the two groups for the presence or absence of symptomsby length of exposure to silica ( > or < than 5 years), smoking status, BMI, and spirometric variables obtained, there was no statistical significance. Conclusions: no association between the detected symptoms and exposure to silica could be identified. This does not exclude its probable interaction and reinforces the need for more specific studies, such asserial spirometry associated with lung volume analysis or cardiorespiratory fitness tests and exercise tests for a broader assessment targeted at these individuals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Silicosis/diagnosis , Occupational Groups , Spirometry
6.
Rev. bras. saúde ocup ; 36(123)jan.-jun. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-593670

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A exploração da pedra São Thomé, na região de São Thomé das Letras-MG, é antiga e estimam-se 2.000 trabalhadores envolvidos em sua extração e beneficiamento. No entanto, a silicose entre eles não era, até recentemente, registrada de forma consistente. Objetivo: Delinear o perfil ocupacional e radiológico de um grupo de trabalhadores de quartzito. Métodos: Série de 46 casos provenientes de um grupo de 185 extratores e beneficiadores cujos dados ocupacionais era diografias de tórax foram analisados em ambulatório especializado. Resultados:Todos os 185 trabalhadores eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 41,3 anos e tempo de exposição mediano de 6,1 anos. As radiografias demonstrar amimagens compatíveis com silicose em 46 (24,9%) deles. A ocorrência foi maior no setor de beneficiamento, onde também ocorreram os casos mais graves, incluindo três portadores de grandes opacidades e oito com formas aceleradas da doença. Os últimos, em geral mais jovens e com menor tempo de exposição, sugerem ter sido expostos a maiores concentrações de sílica. Conclusão: Apesar das limitações do estudo, a alta frequencia de silicose encontrada no grupo sugere serem precárias as medidas de prevenção da exposição à sílica, especialmente em épocas mais recentes. Isto pode ser reflexo da mecanização intensa ocorrida nos últimos anos, portanto, ações de vigilância e prevenção devem ser priorizadas no setor.


Introduction: Quatzite quarrying has been a long ongoing activity in the region of São Thome das Letras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and 2000 workers are involved in its extraction and processing. However, only recently silicosis has been consistently reported. Objective: To describe the occupational and radiologic profiles of a group of workers in São Thomé stone production. Methods: Occupational and X-rays data were analized in a workers health center, and a series of 46 cases were selected from a group of 185 extraction and processing workers. Results: All 185 subjects were male, with average age of 41.3 years and median exposure time of 6.1 years, and 46 of them (24.9%) presented radiological images compatible with silicosis. Silicosis was more frequent in stone processing, where the most severe cases were found, including 3 workers with large opacities and 8 with accelerated forms of the disease. The latter were, generally, of younger age and with shorter exposuretime, suggesting exposure to higher silica concentrations. Conclusion: Despite the limitations of the study, the high occurence of silicosis in the group suggests that adopted measures to prevent silica dust inhalation has been inefficient and have worsen in recent times as a consequence of the intense mechanization taken place in the last years. Adequate surveillance and prevention measures should, therefore, become priority in this industrial sector.


Subject(s)
Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Occupational Health , Occupational Risks , Silicosis
7.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 47(1): 125-135, Jan.-Mar. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-586532

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the water sorption behavior of cellulose II:SiO2 composites and to determine the influence of silicification on this property. These composites were prepared by spray-drying at a cellulose II:SiO2 ratio of 98:2, 95:5, 90:10 and 80:20. The nonlinear models of Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB), Generalized D'Arcy and Watt (GDW) and Hailwood & Horrobin (HH), were used for the characterization and analysis of the isotherms. The infrared and powder X-rays characterization showed no signs of chemical modification or change in the polymorphic form of cellulose II by SiO2. The parameters derived from these models indicated that only a 20 percent level of silicification was able to hinder the water sorption properties of cellulose. Silicon dioxide was the most hydrophobic material since it had a lower ability to form hydrogen bonds with water than cellulose II. This finding was reflected in a delayed compact disintegration time when high levels of silicification (20 percent) and compression pressures higher than 120 MPa were used.


O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o comportamento de sorção de água a partir de misturas de celulose II e SiO2 e determinar a influência da silicificação nesse processo. Estas misturas foram preparadas por nebulização (spray-drying) usando misturas de celulose II e SiO2 nas proporções de 98:2, 95:5, 90:10 e 80:20. Os modelos não-lineares de Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB), "Generalized" D'Arcy e Watt (GDW) e Hailwood & Horrobin (HH) foram utilizados para caracterização e análise das isotermas. As misturas foram caracterizadas por infravermelho e raio-X e os resultados não mostraram indicativo de modificação química ou polimórfica da celulose II em combinação com SiO2. Os parâmetros derivados desses modelos indicaram que as propriedades de sorção de água da celulose foram prejudicadas apenas quando empregado um nível de silicificação de 20 por cento. O dióxido de silício foi o material mais hidrofóbico, provavelmente por possuir uma menor capacidade de formar pontes de hidrogênio com a água quando comparado com a celulose II. Este resultado foi refletido em redução no tempo de desintegração, especialmente quando altos níveis de silicificação (20 por cento) e força de compressão (acima de 120 Mpa) foram utilizados.


Subject(s)
Water/chemistry , Crystallization , Cellulose/analysis , Cellulose/adverse effects , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Chemical Phenomena , Absorption , Adsorption , Cotton Fiber , Isotherm , Models, Chemical
8.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 267-272, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-108024

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to characterize acrosomal ultrastructure following discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation of cryopreserved bovine sperm. Semen was collected from six bulls of different breeds and three ejaculates per bull were evaluated. Frozen semen samples were thawed and the acrosomal region of sperm cells was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) before (n = 18) and after (n = 18) Percoll centrifugation. The evaluation of 20 sperm heads from each of the 36 samples analyzed ensured that a large number of cells were investigated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance at a level of significance of 5%. Percoll centrifugation reduced the percentage of sperm exhibiting normal acrosomes (from 61.77 to 30.24%), reduced the percentage of sperm presenting atypical acrosome reactions (from 28.38 to 4.84%) and increased the percentage of sperm exhibiting damage in the acrosome (from 6.14 to 64.26%). The percentage of sperm with typical acrosome reactions was not significantly different before (3.70%) and after (0.67%) centrifugation. TEM distinguished four different types of acrosomal status and enabled ultrastructural characterization of acrosomal injuries. The percentage of sperm exhibiting normal acrosomes decreased and damage in the acrosome was the most frequent acrosomal injury with the Percoll gradient centrifugation protocol utilized.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Acrosome/pathology , Cattle/physiology , Cell Membrane/pathology , Cell Separation/veterinary , Centrifugation, Density Gradient/veterinary , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission/veterinary , Povidone/adverse effects , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Spermatozoa/pathology
9.
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2010; 1 (3): 108-115
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-117839

ABSTRACT

Occupational exposure to heavy metals, organic solvents and silica is associated with a variety of renal manifestations. Improved understanding of occupational renal disease provides insight into environmental renal disease, improving knowledge of disease pathogenesis. Silica [SiO[2]] is an abundant mineral found in sand, rock, and soil. Workers exposed to silica include sandblasters, miners, quarry workers, masons, ceramic workers and glass manufacturers. New cases of silicosis per year have been estimated in the US to be 3600-7300. Exposure to silica has been associated with tubulointerstitial disease, immune-mediated multisystem disease, chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. A rare syndrome of painful, nodular skin lesions has been described in dialysis patients with excessive levels of silicon. Balkan endemic nephropathy is postulated to be due to chronic intoxication with drinking water polluted by silicates released during soil erosion. The mechanism of silica nephrotox-icity is thought to be through direct nephrotoxicity, as well as silica-induced autoimmune diseases such as scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus. The renal histopathology varies from focal to crescentic and necrotizing glomerulonephritis with aneurysm formation suggestive of polyarteritis nodosa. The treatment for silica nephrotoxicity is non-specific and depends on the mechanism and stage of the disease. It is quite clear that further research is needed, particularly to elucidate the pathogenesis of silica nephropathy. Considering the importance of diagnosing exposure-related renal disease at early stages, it is imperative to obtain a thorough occupational history in all patients with renal disease, with particular emphasis on exposure to silica, heavy metals, and solvents


Subject(s)
Humans , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Balkan Nephropathy , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Occupational Exposure , Kidney Diseases/pathology
10.
Int. j. morphol ; 27(1): 159-168, Mar. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-553002

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate some biological characteristics and toxicity of basic formulations of dentifrices containing such substances, and to compare them with two existing products in market which also contains silic in their formulations. In this way, it was evaluated some biological parameters: weight of the animals, oral toxicity, hematological parameters, urinary analysis, and histological evaluation. The thrombocytes were also statistically at normal levels. The glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (TGP) showed normal aspect in 5 of the tested groups, as in control. Meanwhile, the oxalacetic transaminase (AST) in one group had a small increase in the control group. Regarding urine, in exception the rats of one group, the rats of the 4 other experimental groups showed leukocytosis urinary statistically higher than the control group. The histological evaluation of the animals showed that specimens from liver, stomach, kidney and submandibular gland presented normal aspects for these organs, without significant characteristics related to inflammatory infiltrates in any of the 6 samples tested in their respective groups.


El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar algunas características biológicas y de toxicidad provenientes de las formulaciones básicas de dentífricos que contienen sílice en su composición y compararlos con dos dentífricos disponibles comercialmente que también presentan sílice. El análisis hematológico no mostró diferencias entre los grupos evaluados. Los niveles de trombocitos presentados por los grupos fueron también normales. La transaminasa gluámico pirúbica se mostró un aspecto normal en 5 de los grupos estudiados, así como en el grupo control. La transaminasa glutámico oxaloacética en uno de los grupos tuvo un pequeño incremento. En relación a la orina, 4 grupos presentaron leucocitosis urinaria significativamente mayor que el grupo de control. La evaluación histológica del hígado, estómago, riñones y glándulas submandibulares se presentó con aspecto normal, sin presencia de infiltrado inflamatorio.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Silicon Dioxide/administration & dosage , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Silicon Dioxide/toxicity , Toothpastes/adverse effects , Toothpastes/pharmacokinetics , Toothpastes/chemistry , Toothpastes/toxicity , Hematologic Tests , Hematologic Tests/veterinary , Rats, Wistar/anatomy & histology , Rats, Wistar/metabolism , Rats, Wistar/blood
11.
J. bras. pneumol ; 34(11): 959-966, nov. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-623385

ABSTRACT

A silicose, a mais prevalente das pneumoconioses, é provocada pela inalação de partículas de sílica cristalina. Indivíduos expostos à sílica, com ou sem silicose, apresentam risco aumentado de tuberculose e de micobacterioses não-tuberculosas. O risco de silicóticos desenvolverem tuberculose em relação a controles sadios varia de 2,8 a 39 vezes, em conformidade com a gravidade da doença de base. Têm sido estudados diferentes esquemas de quimioprofilaxia para tuberculose em silicóticos, todos com eficácia semelhante e com redução final de risco para cerca da metade em relação ao uso de placebo. São, no entanto, esquemas de longa duração, o que, acrescido dos possíveis efeitos colaterais (particularmente hepatotoxicidade), podem prejudicar a aderência. As diretrizes atuais recomendam a realização de prova tuberculínica e, se positiva, a instituição de quimioprofilaxia. São vários os esquemas possíveis, tanto em termos de drogas quanto de duração. Nossa recomendação é de que se use isoniazida na dose de 300 mg/dia (ou 10 mg/kg/dia) por seis meses para os indivíduos com silicose ou sadios com exposição superior a 10 anos, se forem reatores fortes à prova tuberculínica (induração > 10 mm). São necessários, no entanto, novos estudos para que indicações, drogas, doses e duração da profilaxia sejam definidas mais apropriadamente.


Silicosis, the most prevalent of the pneumoconioses, is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica particles. Silica-exposed workers, with or without silicosis, are at increased risk for tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria-related diseases. The risk of a patient with silicosis developing tuberculosis is higher (2.8 to 39 times higher, depending on the severity of the silicosis) than that found for healthy controls. Various regimens for tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis in patients with silicosis have been studied, all of which present similar efficacy and overall risk reduction to about one half of that obtained with placebo. Long-term regimens have potential side effects (particularly hepatotoxicity). In addition, the use of such regimens can jeopardize adherence to treatment. The current guidelines recommend that tuberculin skin tests be performed, and, if positive, that chemoprophylaxis be instituted. There are several possible regimens, varying in terms of the drugs prescribed, as well as in terms of treatment duration. We recommend the use of isoniazid at 300 mg/day (or 10 mg/kg/day) for six months for patients with silicosis, as well as for healthy patients with periods of exposure to silica longer than 10 years and strongly positive tuberculin skin test results (induration > 10 mm). Nevertheless, further studies are necessary so that indications, drugs, doses and duration of chemoprophylaxis regimens can be more properly defined.


Subject(s)
Humans , Silicosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Isoniazid/therapeutic use , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Pyrazinamide/therapeutic use , Rifampin/therapeutic use , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Silicosis/complications , Silicosis/drug therapy , Silicotuberculosis/diagnosis , Silicotuberculosis/drug therapy , Silicotuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/etiology
12.
Bulletin of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine. 2008; 44 (4): 761-771
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-99559

ABSTRACT

Workers at the Marine Spray Painting Workshop [MSPW] are exposed to respiratory hazards durig ship surface preparation and spray painting. To identify hazards at the Marine Spray Painting Workshop [MSPW] and assess the impact of these hazards on the respiratory system of Marine Spray Painters [MSPs]. The study included 80 workers, of these were 40 MSPs from the Alexandria Shipyard Company. The rest were control workers, not exposed to respiratory hazards in their work environment. All MSPs and unexposed workers were subjected to an interviewing schedule; to collect data on personal characteristics, occupational, and medical history. The Medical Research Council [MRC] questionnaire was used, it included questions on respiratory symptoms, and diseases. All workers underwent a general clinical examination, a local chest examination, pulmonary function tests, and lung imaging by conventional chest radiographs [CCR]. The present study demonstrated that breathlessness grade IV, wheeze, and bronchial asthma, were significantly more encountered among MSPs compared with unexposed workers. On assessing lung functions, mean percent predicted values of lung function indices [LFI] reflecting large and small-airway functions were lowered among MSPs compared with unexposed workers, but the lowering was not statistically significant. Furthermore, it was found that 47.5% of MSPs had no radiological abnormalities [0/0 ILO profusion grade], while 52.5% of MSPs were either with suspicious radiological abnormalities of [0/1 or 1/0 ILO profusion, glade] [10.00%] or with definite radiological abnormalities whose ILO profusion grade was of [2/1, 2/2, or 2/3 ILO profusion grade] [10.00%, 17.5%, or 15.0% respectively]. A comparison between silicotic and non-silicotic MSPs was conducted, where no significant differences were found between them regarding respiratory symptoms, diseases, and spirometric measurements, thus, the significant increase in bronchial asiluna among MSPs in the present study can be attributed to exposure to HDI during spray painting. The study revealed a significant positive correlation between grade of profusion and age, duration of exposure and breathlessness, especially those with profusion grade >/= 1/1, but no significant correlations between the grade of profusion and mean values of spirometric measurements were recorded. A potential respiratory health hazard exists at the [MSPW] in Alexandria Shipyard Company and the level of protection for workers should be increased


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory System/injuries , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , X-Rays , Occupational Exposure
13.
Rev. bras. saúde ocup ; 32(116)jul.-dez. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-558320

ABSTRACT

O estudo das características da exposição ocupacional a poeiras no beneficiamento de rochas ornamentais em marmorarias teve como base a aplicação das convenções adotadas pela American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), pela International Organization for Standardization (ISO) e pelo Comité Europeén de Normalisation (CEN) para a classificação de poeiras por faixa de tamanhos de partícula. Foram consideradas as relações entre as concentrações de poeira nos ambientes de trabalho, os tipos de rochas trabalhadas, as operações a úmido e a seco, as máquinas e as ferramentas utilizadas e os tamanhos das partículas suspensas no ar. Os ambientes de trabalho das marmorarias mostraram altas concentrações de poeira nas frações inalável, torácica e respirável, originadas pelas ferramentas utilizadas no setor de acabamento a seco. As concentrações de sílica chegaram a ser 16 vezes superiores ao valor do limite de exposição ocupacional de 0,05 mg/m3. A avaliação de uma marmoraria que adotou acabamento a úmido mostrou que a probabilidade das concentrações ambientais ultrapassarem os valores de referência ocupacionais pôde ser reduzida em até 99%.


This paper reports a study based on the application of conventions adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Comité Europeén de Normalisation (CEN) for the classification of types of dust by particle size range. The occupational exposure characterization took into account the relations among dust concentrations at workplace, types of rocks worked on, wet and dry operations, machinery and tools used, and the size distribution of particles suspended in the air. The workplaces at the marble shops were characterized by high concentrations of dust in inhalable, thoracic and respirable fractions, produced by the tools used in the dry abrasive polishing sector. The silica concentrations were up to 16 times higher than the 0.05 mg/m3 occupational exposure limit recommended. The evaluation of a marble shop that made use of the wet abrasive polishing process showed that the probability of environmental concentrations exceeding the occupational reference values could be reduced by up to 99%.


Subject(s)
Silicon Dioxide/analysis , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Occupational Health , Dust/analysis , Silicosis
14.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1268071

ABSTRACT

International and national programmes to eliminate silicosis have been initiated with the inference that exposure to quartz is associated with silicosis. Experimental evidence is presented by numerous investigators to indicate that pathogenicity of the polymorphs of silica is related to their crystalline structure; origin; and various surface properties. As a result; in the risk assessment process; silica cannot be dealt with as a single hazard entity. Accordingly; if elimination of silicosis is to be achieved in South Africa; standard values for quartz; the main crystalline form of silica polymorphs; should be adopted which will be protective enough against the species with the greatest adverse activity existing in the South African working environment


Subject(s)
Disease Eradication , Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Silicosis/prevention & control
15.
São Paulo; s.n; 2006. 203 p. ilus, ^e+ anexos, mapas, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-443279

ABSTRACT

No Brasil encontram-se em crescimento os índices de prevalência das doenças crônicas causadas pela exposição dos trabalhadores à poeiras minerais, sendo a silicose a pneumoconiose de maior prevalência, realizou-se estudo com objetivo de estimar o risco de silicose e propor ações preventivas.Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal em 27 marmorarias, no município de São Paulo que executavam o beneficiamento final de rochas ornamentais, que inclui: a) avaliação da exposição à poeiras e à sílica cristalina respirável por meio de coleta de amostras de ar, análise química por gravimetria e difração de Raios X e acumulação das exposições estimadas por função conforme história ocupacional; b) aplicação de questionário de sintomas respiratórios e avaliação médica, espirometria e radiografia do tórax; c) correlação dos resultados de exposição acumulada, com achados clínicos e radiológicos por meio de análises estatísticas; d) levantamento de informações sobre os processos de trabalho e alternativas de controle. Resultados: Os acabadores possuíam a maior exposição, concentração de 0,36 mg m3 (IC 95 por cento 0,32 a 0,47) para granitos e de 0,19 mg m3 (IC 95 por cento 0,16 a 0,23) para a mistura de matérias primas. Para estimativa de exposição acumulada à sílica cristalina respirável de 0,56 mg m3 anos existiu risco de OD = 1,2 (IC 95 por cento 1,02 a 1,40) de o trabalhador exposto apresentar classificação radiológica alterada, profusão maior ou igual 1, em relação a um trabalhador não exposto, com tempo médio de exposição de 19,9 ( mais ou menos 13,0) anos.A população possuía baixo nível de escolaridade e de renda familiar com média de idade 35,8 ( mais ou menos 11,6) anos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Inhalation Exposure/prevention & control , Health Status Indicators , Occupational Exposure , Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology , Pneumoconiosis/etiology , Dust/prevention & control , Silicosis/epidemiology , Silicosis/etiology , Occupational Groups , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Status , Occupational Health , Prevalence
16.
Rev. Asoc. Méd. Argent ; 117(4): 22-32, dic. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-406664

ABSTRACT

Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 67 pacientes con diagnóstico de silicosis. Los 37 primeros tienen el tipo de silicosis acelerada (grupo A) y los segundos, silicosis crónica (grupo C). De los del primer grupo fallecieron 9, con los que se conformó otro que se estudió aparte (grupo B). Todos fueron objeto de estudios clínicos, radiológicos, funcionales y broncoscópicos. El conjunto de ellos, considerados en promedio, demostraron que la enfermedad era más grave en el grupo B que en el grupo A, a pesar de su juventud y menor exposición. Los del grupo A tenían una situación de gravedad importante, aunque menor que los del B. El grupo C tenía lesiones irreversibles y autoevolutivas de tal naturaleza que sugieren cronicidad y agravamientos a plazos más prolongados. De los de la enfermedad acelerada falleció el 25 por ciento. Desde el punto de vista epidemiológico se destaca el predominio de oficios como arenador y minero. Se verificó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre: 1) el oficio de arenador y el diagnóstico de silicosis acelerada; Odd Ratio 149.8, IC 95 por ciento (16.4 < OR < 6303.0). 2) diagnóstico de silicosis crónica con el oficio de minero, OR 26.4, IC 95 por ciento (5.7 < OR 158.3). 3) la posibilidad de morir y el antecedente de arenado (concentración de sílice en el medio ambiente laboral)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Silicosis/epidemiology , Silicosis/etiology , Silicosis/mortality , Silicosis/prevention & control , Silicosis , Blood Gas Analysis , Argentina , Bronchoscopy/methods , Diagnostic Imaging , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Occupational Exposure , Risk Factors , Respiratory Function Tests
17.
J. bras. pneumol ; 30(3): 201-206, maio-jun. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-392958

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇAO: A silicose é a doença pulmonar ocupacional de maior prevalência em nosso meio. O agente patogênico da silicose é a poeira de sílica-livre ou dióxido de silício (SiO2) na forma cristalina. O processo inflamatório envolvendo o sistema imunológico na silicose ainda não está bem esclarecido. OBJETIVO: Estudar o perfil de IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4 e alguns auto-anticorpos no soro de trabalhadores expostos à sílica, com ou sem silicose, através de avaliação laboratorial imunológica, abrangendo tanto a imunidade inespecífica quanto a específica. MÉTODO: Foi examinada uma amostra de 58 pacientes ambulatoriais, do sexo masculino, constituída por trabalhadores expostos à sílica. Foram realizadas avaliações imunológica, radiológica e funcional pulmonar. Foram dosadas as imunoglobulinas IgG, IgA e IgM, os componentes C3 e C4 do sistema complemento e determinados auto-anticorpos. RESULTADOS: Vinte trabalhadores apresentaram radiograma normal e 38 apresentaram-no alterado, compatível com silicose. As médias dos valores de IgG no grupo com silicose foi maior que no grupo com radiograma normal (p < 0,05). Para a IgA e IgM, assim como para o C3 e C4, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nas médias (p > 0.05). O percentual de positividade dos auto-anticorpos foi maior no grupo silicótico em relação ao grupo com radiograma normal. CONCLUSAO: O aumento de IgG nos doentes com silicose constitui um achado importante pois pode indicar a continuidade da reação granulomatosa, mesmo com o trabalhador afastado da exposição. Entretanto, ainda são necessários estudos que possibilitem a compreensão do processo imunogênico na silicose.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Autoantibodies , Complement System Proteins , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Immunoglobulins , Silicosis , Complement C3 , Complement C4
18.
Pulmäo RJ ; 13(2): 81-85, abr.-jun. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-401693

ABSTRACT

Introdução: as pneumoconioses são um grupo de doenças causadas pelo acúmulo de poeira fibrogênica nos pulmões produzindo uma reação tecidual pulmonar. A elevada concentração de partículas em suspensão, o tempo prolongado de exposição e a susceptibilidade individual são os principais fatores que influenciam o surgimento da doença. O artigo pretende mostrar a relação entre as alterações radiológicas e funcionais, a influência do tempo de exposição na função pulmonar e apresentar o perfil respiratório de trabalhadores expostos nos setores de atividades contendo sílica. Método: realizado um estudo transversal incluindo 457 trabalhadores atendidos durante 01 ano (2001 a 2002) provenientes da demanda ambulatorial de expostos à sílica livre, vinculados às várias atividades de risco no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os trabalhadores foram avaliados através de questionário padronizado, exame clínico, radiológico, funcional e foi calculado o Índice de Exposição Acumulada (IEA). Resultados: sintomas respiratórios mais comuns foram expectoração, tosse e chiado. Alteração radiológica compatível com silicose foi encontrada em 22,7 das radiografias e 14,9 apresentaram redução da relação VEF1/CVF. O tempo de exposição dos trabalhadores apresentou uma associação estatisticamente significativa com as alterações funcionais. Conclusão: a exposição à poeira de sílica e às outras poeiras minerais, em diversas atividades ocupacionais, contribui para que esses trabalhadores se tornem doentes respiratórios e com as alterações funcionais pulmonares


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects , Respiratory Function Tests , Silicosis/diagnosis , Silicosis/etiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Time Factors
19.
Cienc. Trab ; 6(11): 1-13, ene.-mar. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-386851

ABSTRACT

La silicosis es la principal neumoconiosis en Brasil. El número de trabajadores registrados ocupacionalmente expuestos por más de 30 por ciento de la jornada de trabajo es superior a 2.000.000, concentrados en los sectores de industrias de la construcción, minería, transformación de minerales no metálicos y metalúrgica. El número real de expuestos es mayor pues la informalidad del trabajo actualmente es superior al 50 por ciento. El límite de tolerancia a la sílice es 0,1 mg por m3 para una jornada de 48 horas semanales y están previstos exámenes médicos y de laboratorio periódicos para todos los expuestos a sílice. Hay datos disponibles para algunos sectores como: cerámicas, minería de carbón y mármol, que apuntan a situaciones frecuentes de exposición que sobrepasan el límite de tolerancia. Hay también datos médicos sobre la ocurrencia de silicosis, que es un grave problema en actividades ligadas a la industria naval, extracción de material de relleno y cavado de pozos. El año 2001 fue lanzado el Programa Nacional para la Eliminación de la Silicosis (PNES), en consonancia con la propuesta Internacional del Programa de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), con el objetivo de disminuir la incidencia de silicosis para el 2015 y eliminarla como problema de Salud Pública para el 2030.


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Diseases , Silicosis , Brazil , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Pneumoconiosis
20.
Cienc. Trab ; 6(11): 14-18, ene.-mar. 2004. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-386852

ABSTRACT

Hace medio siglo, la silicosis era la enfermedad ocupacional más importante en Chile. Este hecho le brindó el dudoso honor de ser mencionado directamente en la Ley 16.744, que generó el actual seguro de salud ocupacional vigente en nuestro país. En el presente artículo se plantea que el problema de la magnitud de la silicosis permanece desconocido, se analizan aspectos relevantes de la legislación nacional que atentan contra un adecuado manejo de la enfermedad y se proponen algunas vías de solución a dichos problemas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects , Pneumoconiosis , Silicosis , Chile , Occupational Diseases
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